Services

Audit, reconciliation and exposure review engagements for commodity trading, shipping, logistics and trade finance operations.

Demurrage Audit

Comprehensive audit of demurrage liabilities and recoverable losses across charterparty operations, laytime calculations, and port delay exposure.

Scope

  • Charterparty demurrage clause analysis across active contracts
  • Laytime calculation verification — all voyages, all routes
  • Port congestion and delay cost reconciliation
  • Recoverable demurrage identification and quantification
  • Counterparty dispute exposure assessment
  • Terminal operator performance and penalty review

Freight Contract Review

Audit of freight contract performance against market rates, contracted terms, and operational execution across shipping routes and modes.

Scope

  • Freight rate vs. market benchmark variance analysis
  • Contract compliance verification — all routes and carriers
  • Fuel surcharge and bunker adjustment reconciliation
  • Volume commitment and minimum quantity exposure
  • Carrier performance penalty assessment
  • Route optimization and cost recovery recommendations

Cargo Loss & Claims Review

Assessment of cargo loss exposure across commodity transport chains, covering quality degradation, quantity shortages, contamination events, and insurance recovery gaps.

Scope

  • Cargo quantity shortage analysis — all routes and commodities
  • Quality degradation and contamination event audit
  • Insurance coverage gap identification
  • Claims recovery rate and timeline assessment
  • Liability allocation across transport chain parties
  • Subrogation and third-party recovery potential

Trade Finance Reconciliation

Full reconciliation of trade finance instruments against underlying physical flows and settlement obligations.

Scope

  • Letter of credit discrepancy identification and quantification
  • Documentary collection compliance verification
  • Physical vs. financial flow reconciliation — all commodities
  • Counterparty credit exposure quantification
  • Settlement timing and FX exposure analysis
  • Sanctions and compliance screening gap assessment

Counterparty Settlement Review

Review of settlement processes, inter-entity reconciliation, and counterparty exposure across trading operations.

Scope

  • Settlement timing and sequencing analysis
  • Inter-entity transaction reconciliation
  • FX and cross-currency exposure quantification
  • Counterparty credit and concentration review
  • Netting agreement effectiveness assessment

Operational Exposure Assessment

Review of commodity infrastructure dependencies affecting trading continuity and operational resilience.

Scope

  • Trading infrastructure dependency mapping
  • Systemic exposure across logistics, energy, and digital systems
  • Operational continuity stress assessment
  • Third-party and vendor concentration review
  • Business interruption exposure quantification